modulate
To adjust or vary the intensity, tone, or level of something
Examples
In a meeting
“We'll modulate our marketing spend based on quarterly performance.”
Over coffee
“Try to modulate your voice when the baby is sleeping.”
Why this word
adjust
modulate implies fine-tuning with variation and control (especially of voice, tone, or signals), while adjust is general for any change
vary
modulate suggests controlled, purposeful variation within a range, while vary just means to change or differ
regulate
modulate emphasizes varying expressively or technically within parameters, while regulate means controlling to maintain standards
Usage tip
Use when describing fine-tuning or making graduated changes rather than complete on/off switches
Etymology
Latin: modulatus (measured), from modulus (small measure)
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Related words
restrict
To limit or control something within certain boundaries
calibrate
To carefully adjust to achieve accuracy or proper functioning
harness
To capture and use something effectively for a particular purpose
throttle
To reduce the speed, rate, or flow of something
withhold
To deliberately keep back or refuse to give information, payment, or permission
curb
To restrain or limit something undesirable